| 1 | Neuropsychopharmacology 2006 Aug 31: 1832-7 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 16482082 |
| Title | Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia is associated with prolactin-related sexual disturbances. |
| Abstract | Tardive dyskinesia (TD) may occur in never-medicated patients with psychotic illness, indicating the existence of non-medication, possibly disease-related, causes. We tested the hypothesis that, independent of the antipsychotic-induced rise in prolactin, the incidence of TD would be associated with the incidence of prolactin-related sexual disturbances (PRSD), which would be suggestive of a common pathology involving multiple dopamine tracts. Simple, global measures of TD and PRSD (loss of libido, amenorrhea, gynaecomastia, impotence, and galactorrhea) were rated in a prospective, observational European Health Outcomes Study (SOHO). New onset of TD and new onset of PRSD at 3, 6, and 12 months was analyzed in a risk set of 4263 patients using a Cox proportional hazard model yielding adjusted hazard ratios (AHR)。TD发病率显著和线性comorbid with the incidence of PRSD in both men and women. Compared to those with no PRSD, the risk for TD was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.7) with one PRSD, 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3, 4.5) with two PRSD, and 3.6 (95% CI: 1.1, 11.8) with three PRSD. Associations were stronger in those who only had received prolactin-sparing medications (AHRper unit PRSD increase=2.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3) than in those who only had received prolactin-raising medications (AHR=1.3, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.9). In people with精神分裂症, TD and PRSD show comorbidities that are independent of antipsychotic-induced alterations in plasma prolactin. This may suggest a shared, pandopaminergic pathological mechanism associated with精神分裂症itself, rather than only a medication effect. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 2 | 精神分裂。res。2009年12月115日：325-32 |
| PMID | 19793638 |
| Title | Schizophrenia and the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity: a population-based longitudinal study in Ontario, Canada. |
| Abstract | Despite the high rates of cardiovascular mortality among people with精神分裂症，对于该人群中心血管发病的发生率知之甚少。我们评估了是否被诊断出患有精神分裂症, in comparison to a population-proxy comparison group (comprised of individuals receiving an appendicitis-related primary diagnosis), would have a significantly greater risk of subsequent readmission to an inpatient or Emergency Department setting with a cardiovascular condition. 我们从2002年4月1日至2006年3月31日在加拿大安大略省的住院医院出院记录，我们构建了一项基于人群的队列研究，对患者进行了长达4年的遵循。具有ICD-10的个体（F20）精神分裂症diagnosis (n=9815) were matched with persons with a primary ICD-10 appendicitis-related diagnosis (K35-37) on sex, age, average neighbourhood income level, and amount of follow-up time available. We used a Cox regression procedure to estimate group differences in time-to-readmission with a cardiovascular-related diagnosis. 个人精神分裂症group had a significantly greater adjusted risk of readmission for a cardiovascular event in comparison to individuals in the Appendicitis group [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.43, 95% CI, 1.22-1.69]. Given the elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity among individuals with精神分裂症, our findings add to the importance of screening and intervention programs for metabolic disorders and known cardiovascular risk factors among patients with精神分裂症. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 3 | Psychiatr Serv 2011年10月62日：1138-45 |
| PMID | 21969639 |
| Title | 预测精神分裂症成年人的精神病医院入院。 |
| Abstract | The authors identified patient characteristics that increased risk of hospital admission among adults with精神分裂症. A total of 1,460 participants in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) clinical trial were followed from the time they began a randomized trial of medication to first精神分裂症-related hospital admission. 在869人的随访中，有203名患者住院。住院的风险增加与初次抗精神病药物治疗的早期（17岁）有关（调整危险比[AHR]=2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.49-3.11), psychiatric hospitalization in past year (AHR=2.99, CI=2.23-4.00), having had DSM-IV alcohol (AHR=1.56, CI=1.16-2.10) or drug (AHR=1.50, CI=1.13-2.00) use disorders in the past five years, and baseline severe symptoms according to the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (AHR=1.54, CI=1.04-2.27), presence of tardive dyskinesia (AHR=1.55, CI=1.07-2.23), a high score on the positive symptoms subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (AHR=1.52, CI=1.07-2.15), and low social function (AHR=1.45, CI=1.03-2.04). As compared with olanzapine, the drugs quetiapine (AHR=2.14, CI=1.39-3.31), perphenazine (AHR=1.80, CI=1.11-2.94), and ziprasidone (AHR=2.70, CI=1.64-4.44) were associated with increased hospitalization risk. Risperidone was associated with a lower hospitalization risk than quetiapine (AHR=1.50, CI=1.01-2.22) and ziprasidone (AHR=1.89, CI=1.19-3.01). Efforts to lower hospital admission risk among individuals with精神分裂症should focus on history of early onset, recent inpatient admission, severe positive symptoms, poor social function, high global illness severity, and comorbid substance use disorders and on selection of an appropriate antipsychotic medication. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 4 | Epilepsia 2011 Nov 52: 2036-42 |
| PMID | 21929680 |
| Title | Bidirectional relation between schizophrenia and epilepsy: a population-based retrospective cohort study. |
| Abstract | 精神分裂症and epilepsy may share a mutual susceptibility. This study examined the bidirectional relation between the two disorders. We used claims data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database to conduct retrospective cohort analyses. Analysis 1 compared 5,195 patients with incident精神分裂症diagnosed in 1999-2008 with 20,776 controls without the disease randomly selected during the same period, frequency matched with sex and age. Analysis 2 comprised a similar method to compare 11,527 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy with 46,032 randomly selected sex- and age-matched controls. At the end of 2008, analysis 1 measured the incidence and risk of developing epilepsy and analysis 2 measured the incidence and risk of developing精神分裂症. In analysis 1, the incidence of epilepsy was higher in the精神分裂症cohort than in the non精神分裂症cohort (6.99 vs. 1.19 per 1,000 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of 5.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.71-7.36] for精神分裂症patients. In analysis 2, the incidence of精神分裂症was higher in the epilepsy cohort than in the nonepilepsy comparison cohort (3.53 vs. 0.46 per 1,000 person-years) with anAHRof 7.65 (95% CI 6.04-9.69) for epilepsy patients. The effect of精神分裂症on subsequent epilepsy was greater for women, but the association between epilepsy and elevated incidence of精神分裂症was more pronounced in men. We found a strong bidirectional relation between精神分裂症and epilepsy. These two conditions may share common causes. Further studies on the mechanism are required. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 5 | Psychol Med 2014 Jan 44：71-84 |
| PMID | 23591021 |
| Title | Offspring psychopathology following preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal bereavement stress. |
| Abstract | Preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal stress is associated with increased offspring psychopathology, but findings are inconsistent and need replication. We estimated associations between maternal bereavement stress and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,精神分裂症，自杀未遂并完成自杀。 Using Swedish registers, we conducted the largest population-based study to date examining associations between stress exposure in 738,144 offspring born 1992-2000 for childhood outcomes and 2,155,221 offspring born 1973-1997 for adult outcomes with follow-up to 2009. Maternal stress was defined as death of a first-degree relative during (a) the 6 months before conception, (b) pregnancy or (c) the first two postnatal years. Cox proportional survival analyses were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Marginal increased risk of bipolar disorder and精神分裂症following preconception bereavement stress was not significant. Third-trimester prenatal stress increased the risk of ASD [adjusted HR (AHR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.17] and ADHD (AHR1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.66). First postnatal year stress increased the risk of offspring suicide attempt (AHR1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25) and completed suicide (AHR1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.11). Bereavement stress during the second postnatal year increased the risk of ASD (AHR1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.55). Further research is needed regarding associations between preconception stress and psychopathological outcomes. Prenatal bereavement stress increases the risk of offspring ASD and ADHD. Postnatal bereavement stress moderately increases the risk of offspring suicide attempt, completed suicide and ASD. Smaller previous studies may have overestimated associations between early stress and psychopathological outcomes. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 6 | 精神分裂。res。2015 Oct 168: 161-7 |
| PMID | 26363968 |
| Title | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate use and the risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. |
| Abstract | This study estimated the risk of developing psychotic disorders by comparing children with ADHD to non-ADHD controls, and to examine whether methylphenidate (MPH) treatment influences the risks of psychotic disorders. A nationwide cohort of patients who were newly diagnosed with ADHD (n=73,049) and age- and gender-matched controls (n=73,049) were selected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database from January 2000 to December 2011. All participants were observed until December 31, 2011. Cox regression models were used to estimate the effects of ADHD diagnosis and MPH use on subsequent outcomes. Having a diagnosis of any psychotic disorder and of精神分裂症were set as two different outcomes and were analyzed separately. Compared to the control group, the ADHD group showed significantly increased risk of developing any psychotic disorder (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]，5.20;95％置信区间[CI]，4.30-6.30）和精神分裂症(AHR，4.65;95％CI，3.59-6.04）。与没有精神病的ADHD患者相比，患有精神病的ADHD患者在首先诊断为多动症（9.4。3.3岁vs. 10.6。4.0年）。在ADHD患者中，MPH的使用显着增加了患有任何精神病障碍的风险（AHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.40), but did not increase the risk of developing精神分裂症(AHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94-1.42). The results indicated that previous diagnoses of ADHD are a powerful indicator of developing psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms of the relationships between ADHD, MPH use and psychotic disorders need further elucidation in future clinical studies. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 7 | J Headache Pain 2015 -1 16: 64 |
| PMID | 26174508 |
| Title | 三叉神经痛后精神疾病的风险：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究。 |
| Abstract | TN is one of the most common causes of facial pain. A higher prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities, especially depressive disorder, has been proven in patients with TN; however, a clear temporal-causal relationship between TN and specific psychiatric disorders has not been well established. We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between TN and the subsequent development of psychiatric disorders, including精神分裂症, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disorder. 我们确定了在2000年1月1日至2010年12月31日在台湾国家健康保险研究数据库中新诊断为TN的受试者。beplay苹果手机能用吗为没有年龄和性别匹配的没有TN的患者构建了比较队列。观察所有TN和对照患者，直到被诊断出患有精神疾病，死亡，退出国家卫生研究所系统或直到2010年12月31日为止。 The TN cohort consisted of 3273 patients, and the comparison cohort consisted of 13,092 matched control patients without TN. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and sleep disorder in subjects with TN was higher than that of the controls during the follow-up [AHR: 2.85 (95% confidence interval: 2.11-3.85),AHR：2.98（95％置信区间：2.12-4.18）和AHR: 2.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.48-3.19), respectively]. TN might increase the risk of subsequent newly diagnosed depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disorder, but not精神分裂症or bipolar disorder. Additional prospective studies are required to confirm these findings. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 8 | J Clin Sleep Med 2015 May 11: 543-51 |
| PMID | 25766696 |
| Title | Risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic insomnia and sedative-hypnotic prescription: a nationwide population-based follow-up study. |
| Abstract | Previous epidemiological studies have established insomnia as a major risk factor for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. However, the associations between insomnia with sedative-hypnotic prescriptions and various psychiatric disorders have not been thoroughly examined. The current study involved evaluating the risk of psychiatric disorders, namely精神分裂症、情绪、焦虑、躯体、药物性精神disorders, over a 6-y follow-up period in three groups: patients with insomnia and sedative-hypnotic prescriptions (Inso-Hyp), those with insomnia and without sedative-hypnotic prescriptions (Inso-NonHyp), and those with neither insomnia nor sedative-hypnotic prescriptions (NonInso-NonHyp). We used a historical cohort study design to compare the risk of psychiatric disorders among the three groups. Data regarding these patients were derived from reimbursement claims recorded in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare the 6-y risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders among the Inso-Hyp, Inso-NonHyp, and NonInso-NonHyp groups. Compared with the Inso-NonHyp and NonInso-NonHyp group patients, the Inso-Hyp group patients exhibited a higher risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly bipolar disorders (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 7.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.31-10.89 andAHR: 14.69; 95% CI: 11.11-19.43, respectively). Moreover, among the Inso-Hyp patient group, insomnia prescribed with benzodiazepine, a longer duration of sedative-hypnotic action, and higher doses of sedativehypnotics were significantly associated with a higher risk of depressive and anxiety disorders. The Inso-Hyp group exhibited a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders than did the Inso-NonHyp and NonInso-NonHyp groups. The results regarding patients with insomnia and sedative-hypnotic prescriptions associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders can serve as a reference for care providers when managing sleep disturbances. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 9 | 世界精神病学2015年2月14日：56-63 |
| PMID | 25655159 |
| Title | Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors and events associated with second-generation antipsychotic compared to antidepressant use in a non-elderly adult sample: results from a claims-based inception cohort study. |
| Abstract | 这是对与抗抑郁药（ADS）相比，与抗抑郁药（ADS）相比，基于18-65岁的成年人，基于汤姆森·森（Thomson Reuters MarketScan）研究数据库2006年的数据，与抗抑郁药（ADS）相比，与第二代抗精神病药（SGA）相比，与使用第二代抗精神病药（SGA）相关的代谢和远端心血管/脑血管结局的研究研究beplay苹果手机能用吗-2010，美国商业声称数据库。干预措施包括临床医生对SGA（允许任何喜剧）与广告（不允许SGA）的选择治疗。感兴趣的主要结果是该在SGA或AD中断的一年内对住院或门诊索赔进行以下诊断的时间：高血压，缺血性和高血压心脏病，脑血管疾病，糖尿病，糖尿病，高脂血症和肥胖。次要结果包括在最后的随访时间点上相同的诊断，即在SGA或AD中断后的365天内对观察值进行审查。考克斯回归模型，针对年龄，性别，诊断精神分裂症and mood disorders, and number of medical comorbidities, were run. Among 284,234 individuals, those within one year of exposure to SGAs versus ADs showed a higher risk of essential hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio,AHR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.21, p<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (AHR=1.43, CI: 1.33-1.53, p<0.0001), hypertensive heart disease (AHR=1.34, CI: 1.10-1.63, p<0.01), stroke (AHR=1.46, CI: 1.22-1.75, p<0.0001), coronary artery disease (AHR=1.17, CI: 1.05-1.30, p<0.01), and hyperlipidemia (AHR=1.12, CI: 1.07-1.17, p<0.0001). Unrestricted follow-up results were consistent with within one-year post-exposure results. Increased risk for stroke with SGAs has previously only been demonstrated in elderly patients, usually with dementia. This study documents, for the first time, a significantly increased risk for stroke and coronary artery disease in a non-elderly adult sample with SGA use. We also confirm a significant risk for adverse metabolic outcomes. These findings raise concerns about the longer-term safety of SGAs, given their widespread and chronic use. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 10 | Int J Eat Disord 2015 May 48: 383-91 |
| PMID | 24965548 |
| Title | Parental mental illness and eating disorders in offspring. |
| Abstract | To investigate which parental mental illnesses are associated with eating disorders in their offspring. We used data from a record-linkage cohort study of 158,679 children aged 12-24 years at the end of follow-up, resident in Stockholm County from 2001 to 2007, to investigate whether different parental mental illnesses are risk factors for eating disorders in their offspring. The outcome measure was diagnosis of any eating disorder, either from an ICD or DSM-IV code, or inferred from an appointment at a specialist eating disorder clinic. Mental illness in parents is a risk factor for eating disorders in female offspring (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) 1.57 (95% CI 1.42, 1.92), p?AHR2.28 (95% CI 1.39, 3.72), p ? = ? 0.004),个性disorder (AHR1.57 (95% CI 1.01, 2.44), p?=?0.043) or anxiety/depression (AHR1.57 (95% CI 1.32, 1.86), p?精神分裂症(AHR1.41（95％CI 0.96，2.07），p？=？0.08）和躯体形态障碍（AHR1.25 (95% CI 0.74, 2.13), p?=?0.40). There is no support for a relationship between parental substance misuse and eating disorders in children (AHR1.08 (95% CI 0.82, 1.43), p?=?0.57). Parental mental illness, specifically parental anxiety, depression, bipolar affective disorder, and personality disorders, are risk factors for eating disorders in their offspring. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 11 | J Clin Psychiatry 2016 May 77: e573-9 |
| PMID | 27249081 |
| Title | Comparative risk of seizure with use of first- and second-generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. |
| Abstract | 比较的风险antipsychotic-related seizure (ARS) by identifying seizures first diagnosed within 12 months after starting new antipsychotics, using a 12-year total population health claims database from Taiwan. Seizure events were identified through emergency department visits or hospitalization with a diagnosis of convulsion (ICD-9-CM: 780.3) or epilepsy (ICD-9-CM: 345). Subjects had an ICD-9-CM diagnosis of精神分裂症, bipolar disorders, or major depressive disorders. Incidence rates of ARS were calculated by person-years of exposure. The ARS risk, adjusted for patient characteristics and medical conditions, of individual antipsychotics versus risperidone was examined by high-dimensional propensity score stratification analyses, followed by sensitivity analyses. ARS的总1年发病率为9.6（95％CI，8.8-10.4），每1000人年（288,397个新的抗精神病药物中的550个ARS事件）。第一代抗精神病药与第二代抗精神病药的ARS风险更高（调整后危险比[AHR] = 1.34;95％CI，0.99-1.81;p = .061）。大多数抗精神病药，第一代或第二代，具有可比的ARS风险与利培酮。值得注意的是，氯氮平（AHR= 3.06; 95% CI, 1.40-6.71), thioridazine (AHR= 2.90; 95% CI, 1.65-5.10), chlorprothixene (AHR= 2.60;95％CI，1.04-6.49）和氟哌啶醇（AHR= 2.34; 95% CI, 1.48-3.71) had higher ARS risks than risperidone, whereas aripiprazole (AHR= 0.41;95％CI，0.17-1.00;p = .050）的ARS风险略低。灵敏度分析在很大程度上证实了此类发现。 在使用o ARS提高警惕是必要的f clozapine, chlorprothixene, thioridazine, and haloperidol. The possible lower ARS risk associated with aripiprazole can be clinically significant but needs to be confirmed by larger-scale systematic studies. The comparative ARS risks of antipsychotics supplement empirical knowledge for making judicious choices in prescribing antipsychotics. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 12 | Schizophr Bull 2016 May 42: 703-11 |
| PMID | 26721264 |
| Title | Association Between Antipsychotic Treatment and Advanced Diabetes Complications Among Schizophrenia Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. |
| Abstract | 抗精神病药是使用2型糖尿病的确定危险因素。然而，抗精神病药对糖尿病并发症进展的影响尚不清楚。这项研究旨在探讨抗精神病药物治疗与晚期糖尿病结局之间的关联精神分裂症patients with type 2 diabetes. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using Taiwan's universal health insurance database. A total of 17 629精神分裂症招募了新诊断的糖尿病患者。在排除第一个6个月的观察期之后的平均随访时间为4。8年，范围从1个月到11。5年不等。在6个月的窗口内的抗精神病药物治疗模式分类为NOT，不规则使用和定期使用。抗精神病药进一步分为高，中间和低代谢风险。暴露的状态被视为时间依赖性变量。结果措施包括任何晚期糖尿病并发症，大血管和微血管并发症以及全因死亡率。 Compared to no antipsychotic treatment in the past 6 months, regular antipsychotic use was associated with a lower risk of any advanced diabetes complications (adjusted hazard ratio,AHR= 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.95), macrovascular complications (AHR= 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.97), and all-cause mortality (AHR= 0.73, 95% CI = 0.62-0.85). The hazard ratios for advanced diabetes complications with regular use of antipsychotics with a high, intermediate, and low metabolic risk were 0.69 (95% CI = 0.53-0.91), 0.82 (95% CI = 0.68-0.99), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.70-1.02), respectively. Regular antipsychotic treatment in the past 6 months was associated with reduced risks of any diabetes complications, compared to no antipsychotic treatment. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |
| 13 | Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Feb 25: 123-32 |
| PMID | 26549190 |
| Title | 抗精神病药使用者口腔溃疡的比较风险 - 基于人群的回顾性队列研究。 |
| Abstract | The study aimed to evaluate the comparative risk of oral ulcerations among antipsychotic medications. We analyzed the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan and included patients newly initiated with a single antipsychotic agent including haloperidol, sulpiride, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or amisulpride during 2002 to 2010. The outcome of interest was oral ulceration, defined by the presence diagnoses of stomatitis and mucositis, aphthous-like ulceration and oral burns, or dispensing of stomatological corticosteroids included triamcinolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and prednisolone. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression to compare the risks of oral ulceration among antipsychotics. The rate of oral ulcerations was highest in the amisulpride group (217.7 per 1000 person-year), followed by quetiapine (193.9 per 1000 person-year), olanzapine (161.9 per 1000 person-year), sulpiride (147.1 per 1000 person-year), risperidone (115.6 per 1000 person-year), haloperidol (107.5 per 1000 person-year) and aripiprazole (49.8 per 1000 person-year). Compared with haloperidol users, the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR）在奥氮平中为1.40（95％CI，1.12-1.73），Quetiapine中的1.48（95％CI，1.30-1.69），1.27（95％CI，1.19-1.44）在苏佩里德，1.68（95％CI，0.97-2.59，0.97-2.59-2.59在Amisulpride中，Cox Recression模型在Aripiprazole用户中为1.02（95％CI，0.83-1.45），在Aripiprazole用户中为0.41（95％CI，0.24-0.72）。 Olanzapine, quetiapine, and sulpiride posed a higher risk, while aripiprazole posed a lower risk of oral ulcerations compared with haloperidol in subjects with newly initiated antipsychotic therapy. Risperidone and amisulpride tended to have higher risk of oral ulcerations, but this was not statistically significant. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症, schizophrenic |