| 1 | Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001 Oct 36: 493-9 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 11768847 |
| Title | The opinion of caregivers on aspects of schizophrenia and major affective disorders in a Nigerian setting. |
| Abstract | In Nigeria the burden of caring for persons with severe mental disorders rests largely on families whose attitudes to these conditions have not been explored. To assess the opinion of relatives of 75schizophrenics and 20 major affective disorder cases on aspects of the disease and compare with the responses of relatives of cancer, infertility and sickle cell disease (scd) cases. 使用负担调查表评估护理人员，其中包含有关病因学信仰和疾病态度的项目。 The responses of relatives of the two psychiatric illness groups were similar. The single most important etiological factors were that "it is Satan's work" (35.8%) and "it is a natural illness" (23.2%). Other factors were "genetic" (9.5%), "witchcraft" (10.5%) and "curse by enemies" (10.5%). This was similar to the opinion of cancer and infertility caregivers; but different fromscdwhere the most important causative factors were "genetic" (41.5%) and "natural" (21.5%). Psychiatric caregivers had higher frequency of anger and stigma. Over two-thirds of psychiatric caregivers felt glad caring for the patient and would not like the patient institutionalized. Most families were thought to be supportive and there was an impression that caring had made family emotional ties closer. These families were tolerant and would cooperate with health authorities. Causative models are influenced by available knowledge and practices in the culture. To actualize the potential of families to play useful community psychosocial roles, there is a need for public mental health literacy and welfare support. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 2 | Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001 Oct 36: 493-9 |
| PMID | 11768847 |
| Title | The opinion of caregivers on aspects of schizophrenia and major affective disorders in a Nigerian setting. |
| Abstract | In Nigeria the burden of caring for persons with severe mental disorders rests largely on families whose attitudes to these conditions have not been explored. To assess the opinion of relatives of 75schizophrenics and 20 major affective disorder cases on aspects of the disease and compare with the responses of relatives of cancer, infertility and sickle cell disease (scd) cases. 使用负担调查表评估护理人员，其中包含有关病因学信仰和疾病态度的项目。 The responses of relatives of the two psychiatric illness groups were similar. The single most important etiological factors were that "it is Satan's work" (35.8%) and "it is a natural illness" (23.2%). Other factors were "genetic" (9.5%), "witchcraft" (10.5%) and "curse by enemies" (10.5%). This was similar to the opinion of cancer and infertility caregivers; but different fromscdwhere the most important causative factors were "genetic" (41.5%) and "natural" (21.5%). Psychiatric caregivers had higher frequency of anger and stigma. Over two-thirds of psychiatric caregivers felt glad caring for the patient and would not like the patient institutionalized. Most families were thought to be supportive and there was an impression that caring had made family emotional ties closer. These families were tolerant and would cooperate with health authorities. Causative models are influenced by available knowledge and practices in the culture. To actualize the potential of families to play useful community psychosocial roles, there is a need for public mental health literacy and welfare support. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 3 | Pharmacogenomics J. 2005 -1 5: 298-304 |
| PMID | 16027736 |
| Title | Antipsychotic drugs activate SREBP-regulated expression of lipid biosynthetic genes in cultured human glioma cells: a novel mechanism of action? |
| Abstract | Several studies have reported on structural abnormalities, decreased myelination and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in post-mortem brains fromschizophrenic病人。Glia-derived胆固醇fo至关重要r both myelination and synaptogenesis in the CNS. Lipogenesis and myelin synthesis are thus interesting etiological candidate targets inschizophrenia。Using a microarray approach, we here demonstrate that the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and haloperidol upregulate several genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in cultured human glioma cells, including HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), HMGCS1 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase-1), FASN (fatty acid synthase) andscd(stearoyl-CoA desaturase). The changes in gene expression were followed by enhanced HMGCR-enzyme activity and elevated cellular levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. The upregulated genes are all known to be controlled by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. We show that clozapine and haloperidol both activate the SREBP system. The antipsychotic-induced SREBP-mediated increase in glial cell lipogenesis could represent a novel mechanism of action, and may also be relevant for the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 4 | Pharmacogenomics J. 2005 -1 5: 298-304 |
| PMID | 16027736 |
| Title | Antipsychotic drugs activate SREBP-regulated expression of lipid biosynthetic genes in cultured human glioma cells: a novel mechanism of action? |
| Abstract | Several studies have reported on structural abnormalities, decreased myelination and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in post-mortem brains fromschizophrenic病人。Glia-derived胆固醇fo至关重要r both myelination and synaptogenesis in the CNS. Lipogenesis and myelin synthesis are thus interesting etiological candidate targets inschizophrenia。Using a microarray approach, we here demonstrate that the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and haloperidol upregulate several genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in cultured human glioma cells, including HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), HMGCS1 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase-1), FASN (fatty acid synthase) andscd(stearoyl-CoA desaturase). The changes in gene expression were followed by enhanced HMGCR-enzyme activity and elevated cellular levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. The upregulated genes are all known to be controlled by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. We show that clozapine and haloperidol both activate the SREBP system. The antipsychotic-induced SREBP-mediated increase in glial cell lipogenesis could represent a novel mechanism of action, and may also be relevant for the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 5 | 精神分裂。res。2005年9月77日：75-84 |
| PMID | 16005387 |
| Title | Scale for the evaluation of communication disorders in patients with schizophrenia: a validation study. |
| Abstract | A scale for the evaluation of communication disorders in patients withschizophrenia(schizophreniaCommunication Disorder Scale-scd) is proposed based on studies showing that cognitive disorders specific to the disorganization seen inschizophreniaconsist of context processing deficits and problems in the attribution of mental states. Thus the focus of this scale is on the cognitive difficulties revealed in conversation during a structured interview. Fifty-six patients withschizophrenia评估抑郁症或躁狂症。 Significantly elevated scores on thescd存在于患者中schizophreniacompared to all other groups. Thus, this scale adds to the tools available for evaluating the language of patients withschizophreniaand helps focus on characteristics that are specific to this psychotic diagnosis. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 6 | 精神分裂。res。2009年4月109日：113-20 |
| PMID | 19195843 |
| Title | Elevated delta-6 desaturase (FADS2) expression in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients: relationship with fatty acid composition. |
| Abstract | Although emerging evidence suggests thatschizophrenia（SZ）与外周和中央多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）缺陷有关，目前对介导SZ患者PUFA生物合成的基因表达一无所知。在这里，我们确定了delta5去饱和酶（FADS1），delta6去饱和酶（FADS2），弹性酶（Helo1 [elovl5]），过氧化物酶体（PEX19）和delta9 desatarase（Stearoyl-CoA desatyase，steryoyl-coA desaturase，scd) mRNA expression, and relevant fatty acid product:precursor ratios as estimates of enzyme activities, in the postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with SZ (n=20) and non-psychiatric controls (n=20). After correction for multiple comparisons, FADS2 mRNA expression was significantly greater in SZ patients relative to controls (+36%, p=0.002), and there was a positive trend found for FADS1 (+26%, p=0.15). No differences were found for HELO1 (+10%, p=0.44), PEX19 (+12%, p=0.44), orscd(-6%, p=0.85). Both male (+34%, p=0.02) and female (+42%, p=0.02) SZ patients exhibited greater FADS2 mRNA expression relative to same-gender controls. Drug-free SZ patients (+37%, p=0.02), and SZ patients treated with typical (+40%, p=0.002) or atypical (+31%, p=0.04) antipsychotics, exhibited greater FADS2 mRNA expression relative to controls. Consistent with increased Delta6 desaturase activity, SZ patients exhibited a greater 20:3/18:2 ratio (+20%, p=0.03) and a positive trend was found for 20:4/18:2 (+13%, p=0.07). These data demonstrate abnormal, potentially compensatory, elevations in Delta6 desaturase (FADS2) expression in the PFC of SZ patients that are independent of gender and antipsychotic medications. Greater Delta6 desaturase expression and activity could have implications for central prostaglandin synthesis and proinflammatory signaling. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 7 | 精神分裂。res。2009年4月109日：113-20 |
| PMID | 19195843 |
| Title | Elevated delta-6 desaturase (FADS2) expression in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients: relationship with fatty acid composition. |
| Abstract | Although emerging evidence suggests thatschizophrenia（SZ）与外周和中央多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）缺陷有关，目前对介导SZ患者PUFA生物合成的基因表达一无所知。在这里，我们确定了delta5去饱和酶（FADS1），delta6去饱和酶（FADS2），弹性酶（Helo1 [elovl5]），过氧化物酶体（PEX19）和delta9 desatarase（Stearoyl-CoA desatyase，steryoyl-coA desaturase，scd) mRNA expression, and relevant fatty acid product:precursor ratios as estimates of enzyme activities, in the postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with SZ (n=20) and non-psychiatric controls (n=20). After correction for multiple comparisons, FADS2 mRNA expression was significantly greater in SZ patients relative to controls (+36%, p=0.002), and there was a positive trend found for FADS1 (+26%, p=0.15). No differences were found for HELO1 (+10%, p=0.44), PEX19 (+12%, p=0.44), orscd(-6%, p=0.85). Both male (+34%, p=0.02) and female (+42%, p=0.02) SZ patients exhibited greater FADS2 mRNA expression relative to same-gender controls. Drug-free SZ patients (+37%, p=0.02), and SZ patients treated with typical (+40%, p=0.002) or atypical (+31%, p=0.04) antipsychotics, exhibited greater FADS2 mRNA expression relative to controls. Consistent with increased Delta6 desaturase activity, SZ patients exhibited a greater 20:3/18:2 ratio (+20%, p=0.03) and a positive trend was found for 20:4/18:2 (+13%, p=0.07). These data demonstrate abnormal, potentially compensatory, elevations in Delta6 desaturase (FADS2) expression in the PFC of SZ patients that are independent of gender and antipsychotic medications. Greater Delta6 desaturase expression and activity could have implications for central prostaglandin synthesis and proinflammatory signaling. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 8 | Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010 Mar 20: 146-52 |
| PMID | 20053540 |
| Title | Late potentials in the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in schizophrenia patients maintained on antipsychotic agents: a preliminary naturalistic study. |
| Abstract | 目前，在33个物理健康中测量了初步的自然研究，心室迟到的迟到（LPS）（LPS）schizophreniapatients (13 - females and 26 - males, age - 45.5+/-8.8years) maintained on typical and atypical antipsychotic agents. These LPs represent delayed ventricular activation that might predispose to fatal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (scd) in cardiac patients. Sixteen of the 33 patients ( approximately 48%) were found to be positive for LPs (compared to 3.7-6% in the general population). No association was found with any of the following: drug type, anti-cholinergic burden, daily dose of antipsychotic agents, age, gender, disease duration, QT(c) interval and QT dispersion. Further large-scale longitudinal prospective studies are warranted to substantiate our findings and to clarify their impact on the excess cardiac morbidity and mortality inschizophrenia病人。 |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 9 | Disabil Rehabil 2011 -1 33：1608-15 |
| PMID | 21184627 |
| Title | 脊髓损伤的资深诊所使用者中与精神疾病和药物使用障碍有关的过多死亡率。 |
| Abstract | Among veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) or disease aetiologies, examine the association between diagnosed mental illness (MI) and substance use disorders (SUD) on mortality after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors, SCI severity, injury duration and chronic physical illnesses. Longitudinal analysis of Veteran Health Administration(VHA) administrative data and Medicare claims for FY 1999-2004 matched with Spinal Cord Dysfunction-Registry (scd-R) of VHA clinic users (N?=?8334) with SCI. SCI was identified throughscd-R; individual MIs (anxiety, bipolar, depressive disorders, psychoses, post-traumatic disorder andschizophrenia) and SUDs (tobacco, alcohol and/or drug) were identified through ICD-9-CM codes. Cox-proportional hazards regressions were used to examine association between MI and SUD and time to death in years. Among veterans with SCI, 17% died by the end of FY 2004. Veterans with psychosis (35%), depression (22%) and alcohol and/or drug use (20%) had significantly higher rates of mortality compared to those without these diagnoses. After adjusting for other independent variables in the study, hazards ratios for psychosis was 1.47 (95%CI?=?1.24, 1.75), for alcohol and/or drug use was 1.30 (95% CI?=?1.11, 1.53). Some types of MI and SUD were associated with excess mortality among veterans with SCI. Care for MI and SUD needs to be routinely integrated into SCI management. Future research is needed to determine whether depression and SUD treatment provides opportunity to improve survival. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 10 | Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2013 -1 2013: 247486 |
| PMID | 24455199 |
| Title | Risk of mortality (including sudden cardiac death) and major cardiovascular events in atypical and typical antipsychotic users: a study with the general practice research database. |
| Abstract | 客观的。抗精神病药与包括死亡率在内的心脏事件增加有关。这项研究评估了心脏事件，包括相对于非用户的抗精神病药使用者的死亡率。方法。一般实践研究数据库（GPRD）用于识别抗精beplay苹果手机能用吗神病药使用者，匹配的一般人群控制和精神病患病者。结局包括心脏死亡率，突然心脏死亡（scd), all-cause mortality (excluding suicide), coronary heart disease (CHD), and ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Sensitivity analyses were conducted for age, dose, duration, antipsychotic type, and psychiatric disease. Results. 183,392 antipsychotic users (115,491 typical and 67,901 atypical), 544,726 general population controls, and 193,920 psychiatric nonusers were identified. Nonusers withschizophrenia, dementia, or bipolar disorder had increased risks of all-cause mortality compared to general population controls, while nonusers with major depression had comparable risks. Relative to psychiatric nonusers, the adjusted relative ratios (aRR) of all-cause mortality in antipsychotic users was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.64-1.87); cardiac mortality 1.72 (95% CI: 1.42-2.07);scd主要定义5.76（95％CI：2.90-11.45）;scd次要定义2.15（95％CI：1.64-2.81）;CHD 1.16（95％CI：0.94-1.44）;和VA 1.16（95％CI：1.02-1.31）。非典型抗精神病药（全因死亡率为0.83（95％CI：0.80-0.85）；心脏死亡率为0.89（95％CI：0.82-0.97）；和典型的抗精神病药，各种结果的ARR较低（全因死亡率为0.83（95％CI：0.80-0.85）；scd次要定义0.76（95％CI：0.55-1.04）。结论。抗精神病药使用者的心脏死亡率，全因死亡率和scd与精神病学者队列相比。 |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 11 | Front Psychiatry 2013 -1 4: 30 |
| PMID | 23653606 |
| Title | Correlations of theory of mind deficits with clinical patterns and quality of life in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of theory of mind (ToM) impairments in patients withschizophrenia。The clinical consequences of these impairments are currently under debate. Accumulated evidence suggests that ToM deficits are linked to negative and disorganization symptoms, but direct correlations are lacking. Moreover, it is unclear whether ToM deficits are related to reduced quality of life (QoL). To extend the understanding of objective (i.e., clinical symptoms) and subjective (QoL) correlates of impaired ToM, we assessed 206 patients withschizophreniabased on performance of an ecological task (Versailles-Situational Intention Reading, V-SIR), a Communication Disorders Scale (scd), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression rating, and a QoL questionnaire (S-QoL). Statistical inferences were drawn from correlations analyses considering both factors/subscales aggregates and single items. ToM performance was negatively correlated to disorganization and negative PANSS factors. Poor V-SIR performance was correlated with "conceptual disorganization," "difficulties in abstract thinking," and "apathy/social withdrawal." Thescdwas correlated with "negative," "disorganization," and "anxiety/depression" PANSS factors. The S-QoL total score was not significantly correlated with ToM performance. Only the item "difficulties in expressing feelings" was significantly correlated with poorer V-SIR performance. We discuss the intriguing paucity of the results and what they reveal about the difficulties faced by psychiatrists with patients not expressing complaints about lack of social skills. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 12 | Heart Rhythm 2013 Jul 10: 994-8 |
| PMID | 23524320 |
| Title | A common missense variant in the neuregulin 1 gene is associated with both schizophrenia and sudden cardiac death. |
| Abstract | 两个都schizophrenia癫痫与猝死风险增加有关（scd）。我们假设基因内的DNA变体先前与schizophreniaand epilepsy may contribute to an increased risk ofscd。 To investigate the contribution toscd之前implicat易感性的DNA变异ed inschizophreniaand epilepsy. From the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study, comparisons were performed among 340scdcases presenting with ventricular fibrillation and 342 controls. We tested for the association between 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped to 14 loci previously implicated inschizophreniaand epilepsy by using logistic regression and assuming additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. The minor allele of the nonsynonymous SNP rs10503929 within the neuregulin 1 gene was associated withscdunder all 3 investigated models, with the strongest association for the recessive genetic model (recessive P = 4.01 � 10(-5), odds ratio [OR] 4.04; additive P = 2.84 � 10(-7), OR 1.9; and dominant P = 9.01 � 10(-6), OR 2.06). To validate our findings, we further explored the association of this variant in the Harvard Cohortscd学习。SNP RS10503929与增加的风险有关scd在隐性遗传模型下（p = .0005，或2.7）。这种错义的变化导致蛋氨酸发生苏氨酸的变化，目前尚不清楚功能作用。 The observed association between aschizophrenia-related neuregulin 1 gene variant andscdmay represent the first evidence of coexisting genetic susceptibility between 2 conditions that have an established clinical overlap. Further investigation is warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms of this variant in the pathogenesis ofscd。 |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 13 | 精神分裂。res。2014年5月155日：39-44 |
| PMID | 24703528 |
| Title | Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) inschizophreniamay arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception inschizophrenic具有幻觉的患者。 在地形上分析皮质事件相关电位（ERP）（头皮电势和头皮电流密度（scd) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients withschizophrenia。 From thescddistribution of the P1 peak, we showed that, whereas the hallucination score (PSYRATS) was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the frontal currents, the PANSS negative symptom score was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the temporal currents in patients withschizophrenia。 这些结果提供了证据，表明AVH和负面症状与言语的早期处理异常有关。尽管AVH与早期额叶激活的减少有关，但负面症状与早期时间反应减少有关。 |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 14 | 精神分裂。res。2014年5月155日：39-44 |
| PMID | 24703528 |
| Title | Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) inschizophreniamay arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception inschizophrenic具有幻觉的患者。 在地形上分析皮质事件相关电位（ERP）（头皮电势和头皮电流密度（scd) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients withschizophrenia。 From thescddistribution of the P1 peak, we showed that, whereas the hallucination score (PSYRATS) was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the frontal currents, the PANSS negative symptom score was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the temporal currents in patients withschizophrenia。 这些结果提供了证据，表明AVH和负面症状与言语的早期处理异常有关。尽管AVH与早期额叶激活的减少有关，但负面症状与早期时间反应减少有关。 |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 15 | Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015 3月25日：303-11 |
| PMID | 25583364 |
| Title | Cardiac effects of sertindole and quetiapine: analysis of ECGs from a randomized double-blind study in patients with schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | The QT interval is the most widely used surrogate marker for predicting TdP; however, several alternative surrogate markers, such as Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) and a quantitative T-wave morphology combination score (MCS) have emerged. This study investigated the cardiac effects of sertindole and quetiapine using the QTc interval and newer surrogate markers. Data were derived from a 12 week randomized double-blind study comparing flexible dosage of sertindole 12-20mg and quetiapine 400-600mg in patients withschizophrenia。在基线和3、6和12周后以数字方式记录ECG。通过使用混合效应模型比较组效应之间的效果，而通过使用配对t检验比较组内的评估。用Sertindole的处理与QTCF和QTCB间隔延长以及MCS，T波不对称，T波平坦和TPTE的增加有关。从基线到最后观察的QTCF的平均增加为12.1ms（p <0.001）和-0.5ms的Quetiapine（p = 0.8）。与基线相比，喹硫平没有导致MC，T波不对称，T波平坦或TPTE的增加。在分类分析中，有11例（9.6％）接受喹硫平的患者，QTCF延长超过20毫秒，而Sertindole组的36例患者（33.3％）。Sertindole（12-20mg）与中度QTC延长和T波形态的中等量相关。schizophrenia。Although, quetiapine (400-600mg) did not show worsening of repolarization measures some individual patients did experience significant worsening of repolarization. Clinical Trials NCT00654706. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 16 | J Clin Psychiatry 2015 Sep 76: e1122-9 |
| PMID | 26455676 |
| Title | Sudden cardiac death in young adults with previous hospital-based psychiatric inpatient and outpatient treatment: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark. |
| Abstract | 与普通人群相比，精神病患者的死亡率过早。心脏猝死的发生率（scd）在全国范围内，精神病患者在全国范围内尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是在全国范围内进行比较scdincidence rates in young individuals with and without previous psychiatric disease. Nationwide, retrospective cohort study including all deaths in people aged 18-35 years in 2000-2006 in Denmark. The unique Danish death certificates and autopsy reports were used to identifyscdcases. Psychiatric disease was defined as a previous psychiatric hospital contact and was identified using The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. All diagnoses in Danish registries are coded according to ICD-8 or ICD-10. All hospital records were retrieved manually. Among 5,178 deaths, 395 were due toscdand autopsies were performed on 262 (66%). In 77scdcases, a previous psychiatric hospital contact was identified. Thescd精神病患者的发病率为14.8（95％CI，11.7-18.5），每10万人年龄为3.8（95％CI，3.4-4.3），没有精神病医院接触的人（发病率率= 3.9）；95％CI，3.0-5.0; p <.01）。每100,000人年的发病率是患者的最高schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (38.9; 95% CI, 26.4-55.2) and substance-related disorders (31.6; 95% CI, 19.3-48.8).scds in psychiatric patients compared to nonpsychiatric patients were more often unexplained (65% vs 40%, P = .02), and cardiac symptoms were reported prior to death in 46% of psychiatric patients. 患者在精神病院接触have a 4-fold increased risk ofscd。Since almost 50% had possible cardiac symptoms prior to death, cardiovascular risk monitoring and management in the mentally ill are essential. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 17 | Hum Brain Mapp 2015 Nov 36: 4539-52 |
| PMID | 26288380 |
| Title | Altered prefrontal activity and connectivity predict different cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | Cognitive dysfunction is considered a core feature ofschizophrenia, and impaired performances in episodic memory (EM) and executive function (EF) tasks are consistently reported inschizophrenia病人。Traditional fMRI and EEG studies have helped identifying brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), involved in these tasks. However, it is unclear whether intrinsic defects in prefrontal function per se contribute to poor performance inschizophrenia, given the presence of confounds like reduced motivation and psychotic symptoms. TMS/hd-EEG measurements are obtained without cognitive effort, and can be calculated in any cortical area. We performed TMS/hd-EEG recordings in parietal, motor, premotor, and PFC in healthy individuals (N=20) andschizophreniapatients (N=20). Source modeling of TMS-evoked responses was performed, and measures of cortical activity (significant current density,scd计算）和连通性（明显的电流散射，SCS）。患者schizophreniaalso performed Penn Word memory delayed (CPWd) and Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET). CPWd evaluates EM and involves primarily PFC, whereas PCET reflects EF and implicates PFC with other brain regions. 我们发现没有区别scdand SCS after TMS of parietal/motor cortices, whereas those parameters were reduced in premotor/prefrontal areas inschizophrenia病人。In PFC, where these measures were most defective,scdwas negatively correlated with performance in CPWd whereas higher SCS values were associated with more errors in PCET. These findings indicate thatschizophreniapatients have intrinsic defects in both activity and connectivity of PFC, and that these defects are specifically associated with impairments in cognitive abilities. |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |
| 18 | 精神分裂。res。2015 Oct 168: 395-401 |
| PMID | 26210551 |
| Title | Risk factors for sudden cardiac death among patients with schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | 患者schizophreniasuffer from excessive premature mortality, and sudden cardiac death (scd) is receiving growing attention as a potential cause. The present study investigated the incidence ofscd及其大型风险因素schizophreniacohort. We enrolled a consecutive series of 8264 patients diagnosed withschizophrenia(according to DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria) who were admitted to a psychiatric center in northern Taiwan from January 1, 1985 through December 31, 2008. By linking with national mortality database, 64 cases ofscdwere identified. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) forscd据估计。例与控制s randomly selected using risk-set sampling in a 1:2 ratio. A standardized chart review process was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and the prescribed drugs for each study subject. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates ofscdat the index admission and the latest admission. SMRscdwas 4.5. For the clinical profiles at the index admission, physical disease (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]=2.91, P<.01) and aggressive behaviors (aRR=3.99, P<.01) were associated with the risk ofscd。Regarding the latest admission, electrocardiographic abnormalities (aRR=5.46, P<.05) and administration of first-generation antipsychotics (aRR=5.13, P<.01) elevated the risk forscd。Consistently, aggressive behaviors (aRR=3.26, P<.05) were associated with increased risk as well. Apart from cardiovascular profiles and antipsychotics, physical aggression is a crucial risk factor that deserves ongoing work for clarifying the mechanisms mediatingscdinschizophrenia。 |
| SCZ Keywords | 精神分裂症，精神分裂症，精神分裂症患者 |