| 1 | 咕咕叫。地中海,化学。2013 1 20:4217 - 40 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 23992313 |
| Title | 5'-nucleotidases, nucleosides and their distribution in the brain: pathological and therapeutic implications. |
| Abstract | Elements of the nucleoside system (nucleoside levels, 5'-nucleotidases (5'NTs) and other nucleoside metabolic enzymes, nucleoside transporters and nucleoside receptors) are unevenly distributed in the brain, suggesting that nucleosides have region-specific functions in the human brain. Indeed, adenosine (ADO) and non-ADOnucleosides, such as guanosine (Guo), inosine (Ino) and uridine (Urd), modulate both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the brain, such as sleep, pain, memory, depression,schizophrenia, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Interactions have been demonstrated in the nucleoside system between nucleoside levels and the activities of nucleoside metabolic enzymes, nucleoside transporters andADOreceptors in the human brain. Alterations in the nucleoside system may induce pathological changes, resulting in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Moreover, several CNS diseases such as epilepsy may be treated by modulation of the nucleoside system, which is best achieved by modulating 5'NTs, as 'NTs exhibit numerous functions in the CNS, including intracellular and extracellular formation of nucleosides, termination of nucleoside triphosphate signaling, cell adhesion, synaptogenesis and cell proliferation. Thus, modulation of 5'NT activity may be a promising new therapeutic tool for treating several CNS diseases. The present article describes the regionally different activities of the nucleoside system, demonstrates the associations between these activities and 5'NT activity and discusses the therapeutic implications of these associations. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia |
| 2 | Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2014 -1 114: 65-72 |
| PMID | 25726783 |
| Title | [Reactivity of perineuronal astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: an ultrastructural morphometric study]. |
| Abstract | Previously the ultrastructural alterations of astrocytes have been reported inschizophrenia. Reduced dendritic arborization of the neurons in layer 5 of the prefrontal cortex has been found inschizophrenia. Authors hypothesized that the abnormalities in perineuronal astrocytes (PA) might contribute to these neuronal changes. It was aimed to study the ultrastructure of PA in the prefrontal cortex inschizophrenia. Postmortem electron microscopic morphometric study of PA was performed in layer 5, area 10 of the prefrontal cortex in 39 cases ofschizophreniaand 37 controls. No significant group differences were found in areas of cell, nucleus, cytoplasm, volume fraction (Vv) of lipofuscin granules and areal density of PA. However, in the subgroup of women withschizophrenia, the areal density of PA was significantly lower and the area of PA was significantly higher as compared to the subgroup of healthy women (-52%, p<0,01; +32%, p<0.05 respectively) and to the subgroup of men withschizophrenia(-56%, p<0,01; +23%, p<0,05 respectively). The area of PA nucleus was negatively correlated with the duration of disease (r= -0.37, p=0.02) and positively with the age of disease onset (ADO) (r=0,47, p<0,01). Areas of PA and of PA nucleus were significantly lower in earlyADO(<21 y.o.) as compared to the adultADO(>21 y.o.) (-24%, p<0.05). Vv of lypofuscin granules was correlated with the age in control group (r=0.52, p=0.001), but not inschizophreniagroup (r=0.13, p=0.4). Significant differences in PA reactivity in the prefrontal cortex in theschizophreniaare associated with gender and age at onset of the disease. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia |