Honoring Martin Luther King Jr. Day
Martin Luther King Jr. Day (also known as MLK Day) is a federal holiday marking the birth of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Consistent with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, MLK Day is celebrated annually on the third Monday of January. MLK Day 2022 is being honored this year on January 17, 2022 and serves as the 36thanniversary of the federal day of service and celebration of the legacy of the great civil rights leader.
谁是小马丁·路德·金博士?
金博士是美国浸信会长,也是民权运动中非暴力行动主义的著名发言人,该运动抗议了联邦和州法律中的种族歧视。金博士于1929年1月15日出生于佐治亚州亚特兰大,当时是迈克尔·金(Michael King Jr),他的父亲迈克尔·金·金(Michael King Sr.following a multinational trip in 1934. Mr. King Sr. believed racism and segregation to be an insult to God’s will, actively fought against racial prejudice, and strongly discouraged any sense of class superiority in his children, which left a lasting impression on his son.
金博士was a precocious student and entered Morehouse College in Atlanta at age 15 in 1944, after skipping both the 9thand 11thgrades. Despite his family’s deep involvement in the church, Dr. King questioned religion in general, which led to him initially deciding against following his father’s footsteps of entering the ministry. This all changed when he took a Bible class during his junior year, which renewed his faith.
他于1948年毕业于莫尔豪斯学院(Morehouse College),并获得了社会学学位,并参加了宾夕法尼亚州切斯特(Chester)的Crozer神学院,并于1951年毕业于该学院,担任valedictorian and学生会主席。金博士继续获得研究生学习的奖学金,并于1955年毕业于25岁的波士顿学院,并获得了系统神学博士学位。
在攻读博士学位时,金博士遇到了有抱负的歌手和音乐家Coretta Scott。他们于1953年6月18日结婚,并育有四个孩子 - 尤兰达·金(Yolanda King)(1955年11月17日 - 2007年5月15日),马丁·路德·金三世(Martin Luther King III)(1957年10月23日出生),德克斯特·斯科特·金(Dexter Scott King)(1961年1月30日出生)和伯尼斯·金(Bernice King)(出生于1963年3月28日)。1959年12月,金博士在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利居住了五年后,宣布返回亚特兰大,直到他在埃比尼泽浸信会教堂与父亲一起去世,直到他去世为止。在他的任期期间,他还帮助扩大了整个南方的民权运动。
行动主义
金博士在圣雄甘地(Mahatma Gandhi)的非暴力方法中发现了一种“道德和实践方式,以抗社会不公正式”(Moore,2003年)。在蒙哥马利巴士抵制之后,1955年,他对非暴力倡导人物的转变发生在1955年。抵制持续了385天,在此期间,金博士被捕并入狱,他的房屋被炸毁。当美国地方法院在Browder诉Gayle案发出一项裁决时,争议结束了,该裁决禁止在所有蒙哥马利公共巴士上进行种族隔离,这在很大程度上要归功于King博士的倡导。
金博士继续在许多著名活动(例如,奥尔巴尼运动,伯明翰运动,3月在华盛顿举行的三月)中倡导民权,但他在华盛顿举行的17分钟演讲是他最荣幸的人许多人认为“美国演说史上最好的演讲之一”(Moore,2003年):
“I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
我有一个梦想,有一天这个国家将崛起并实现其信条的真正含义:“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:所有的人都是平等的。”
我梦dream以求的是,有一天在佐治亚州的红山上,前奴隶的儿子和前奴隶主的儿子将能够在兄弟会的桌子旁坐下。
我梦dream以求的是,甚至有一天,即使是密西西比州的状态,这个国家充满不公正的状态,闷热,压迫的热量也将被转变为自由和正义的绿洲。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
我今天有一个梦。
我有一个梦想,有一天,在阿拉巴马州,其恶毒的种族主义者,其州长的嘴唇滴着插入和无效的话。在阿拉巴马州,有一天,小黑人男孩和黑人女孩将能够与小白人男孩和白人女孩作为姐妹和兄弟一起携手。
我今天有一个梦。” –金博士
游行,尤其是金博士的讲话,帮助促进了1964年《民权法》的通过。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yobncaiito/。
金博士的死亡,持续影响和对社会的影响
金博士was fatally shot on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. The assassination led to a nationwide wave of race riots; and, just days after his assassination, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Beginning in 1971, cities and states established annual holidays to honor Dr. King; and on November 2, 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill creating a federal holiday to honor Dr. King. Observed for the first time on January 20, 1986, it was not until January 17, 2000 that all fifty states observed Martin Luther King Jr Day. MLK Day is one of only two national days of service, as designated by the government.
这马丁路德•金纪念日我们挑战你促进金博士的s dream in the work that you do, not only on MLK Day, but throughout the year. Allow MLK Day to serve as a hallmark that inspires you to be of service to your friends, family, peers, patients, and community for the rest of the year. No act of service is too small as in the words of the late Dr. King, “everybody can be great.”
References
https://americorps.gov/newsroom/events/mlk-day
https://archive.ph/20130105000547/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/dream-speech.html
https://www.biography.com/activist/martin-luther-king-jr
https://thekingcenter.org/about-tkc/
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