圣玛丽亚和合作者出版国际环境研究与公共卫生杂志beplay苹果手机能用吗
beplay苹果手机能用吗研究表明，人口贩运筛查工具在识别受害者方面的有效性
（2019年2月19日） - 一种专门用于评估人口贩运的筛查工具更有可能与常用的心理社会评估相比，更有可能确定对青年的性和劳动剥削，以及危险因素。beplay苹果手机能用吗休斯敦（UTHEADY）和贝勒医学院的德克萨斯健康科学中心。
研究参与者是从中招募的Covenant House Texas，，，，the largest shelter in Houston for homeless youth and young adults. Results were recently published in the国际环境研究与公共卫生杂志beplay苹果手机能用吗。
“新的评估工具在寻找剥削方面更有效。对于与高风险团体合作的提供者来说，添加这些问题特定于贩运非常重要。”黛安·M·圣玛丽亚，R.N. P.H.博士，，，，Interim Dean和多萝西·T·尼科尔森（Dorothy T. Nicholson）的杰出教授Cizik School of Nursing在Uthealth。“确定它们使这些年轻人可以访问原本无法获得的服务。您无法帮助您不认识的人。”
根据联合国毒品和犯罪办公室的数据，得克萨斯州的人口贩运案件是加利福尼亚州的第二高。2016年的报告Statewide Human Trafficking Mapping Project of Texas，，，，estimated that 313,000 people were experiencing human trafficking, including 79,000 minors and youth experiencing sex trafficking.
“该项目的一个重要部分是在Covenant House进行筛查，以使居民受益，”贝勒（Baylor）儿科医学系的青少年医学研究员萨利纳·莫斯塔哈比（Salina Mostajabian）说，该研究进行了研究。。“拥有标准工具将最大程度地提高识别受害者并获得所需资源的可能性。”
Texas Covenant House提供由Baylor提供的现场精神病学和心理学服务，并雇用了全职心理健康顾问以及其他心理健康和创伤信息的护理服务，以帮助满足这些年轻人的需求。
“这项研究强调了医疗保健提供者需要认识到被贩运向提供者开放的年轻人的困难。”Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Child Health Policy and Advocacy. “Providers need to be trained on the importance of using a trafficking-specific screening tool to maximize the opportunity to identify trafficking survivors. We also have to offer the most supportive and accepting atmosphere as possible to help overcome mistrust in the health care system and optimize acceptance of resources.”
Bocchini, who has helped develop curricula on human trafficking for health care providers, and Mostajabian conducted focus groups with youth who completed the screening tool. Those sessions provided insight into the barriers that youth experience in being identified as victims, as well as in accessing services that could help them find safety and treatment. Youth reported mistrust of the system, fear of involving law enforcement, not wanting to interact with the mental health system, and stigma as barriers to disclosure.
“确定贩运受害者是一个具有挑战性的过程，由于许多因素包括极端创伤和不信任。这种新的筛查工具将使医疗保健和社会服务提供商能够快速识别并为曾经是劳动和性贩运受害者的无家可归的年轻人提供改变生活的服务。
被确定为大多数贩运风险的团体包括参与寄养或少年司法系统的青年，经历过虐待的人，逃离家乡的青年以及那些不稳定的住所或无家可归的人。
圣玛丽亚（Santa Maria）说：“从寄养和少年司法到无家可归，尤其是在休斯敦，有一条管道。
这项研究“确定无家可归者的庇护青年之间的性和劳动剥削：筛查方法的比较”，包括121名庇护所18-21岁。据报道，该研究中有44％的年轻人在某个时候被捕，三分之一的年轻人小时候被捕。35％的人有寄养历史；71％的人被踢出了家园。45％的人出国逃离。在那些逃跑的人中，有65％的人认为虐待是原因。在被虐待的人中，有71％的人报告了身体虐待。80％的人报告情绪或口头虐待；14％的人报告了性虐待。
The Human Trafficking Screening Tool (HTST), designed by城市学院，，，，asked specific questions about trade for sex based on the data, 22 percent reported they had traded sex for food, clothing, money, shelter, favors, or other necessities for survival. Of those, 70 percent were minors (under age 18) the first time they traded sex. Commercial sexual exploitation was more likely to be identified by the new tool than the standard psychosocial assessment.
“We found that the entry into trafficking also happens through family, friends, and acquaintances. This was extremely eye-opening and needs to be explored,” Santa Maria said. “These are kids who have fallen through every crack society has. When these youth are in desperate need of food and shelter, the vulnerability for trafficking is tremendous.”
医学报告的性史细节表明，有19％的人报告了10个以上的性伴侣，有29％的性伴侣具有性传播感染的先前史，2％的性伴侣是HIV阳性的，只有64％的人报告了任何避孕套的使用。
Untangling what’s happening –
“很难解开正在发生的事情。是性虐待还是性虐待和人口贩运？我们希望提供者提出正确的问题，”圣玛丽亚说。
该研究还发现了青年人无家可归与心理健康问题之间的联系。根据结果，有53％的人记录了精神病诊断，其中一半以上有一个以上的诊断。一半（49％）的精神诊断是用于抑郁症，超过一半（59％）的精神病病史，超过三分之一（42％）至少有一次自杀企图。超过一半的参与者（54％）使用了大麻或合成大麻。过去，有17％的人曾经滥用和滥用Polysubstance。
Half of the participants in the study had stayed on the streets in the past month; 29 percent had been in treatment centers, shelters, or detention facilities; and 19 percent reported spending most nights in parks, tents, cars, or abandoned buildings.
圣玛丽亚说：“这些年轻人是非常有韧性的幸存者。”beplay苹果手机能用吗青年和年轻人经历无家可归。“我们希望提供者确定年轻人，然后我们需要协调的回应来满足他们的心理健康，医疗保健和社会服务的需求，以便他们可以前进。”
Study co-author Elizabeth Newlin, M.D., vice chair for child and adolescent psychiatry at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, and her team are treating youth who have experienced sex trafficking. She envisions a comprehensive system designed to treat youth that includes collaborative efforts among law enforcement, the juvenile court system, community-based nonprofit organizations, and the addition of a designated unit at UTHealth Harris County Psychiatric Center (UthealthHCPC).
提议提交了德克萨斯州立法机关的资金，其中包括指定的住院单位，以及社区，学校和家庭基础密集的门诊服务Trauma and Resilience Center在里面精神病学和行为科学系麦戈文医学院。建议包括research to provide a best-practices model that could be disseminated to the rest of the state. The interdisciplinary treatment team at the center includes specialists from child psychiatry, adolescent medicine, nursing, psychology, and social work. The Trauma and Resilience Center’s multidisciplinary teams would work in coordination with existing specialized programs that provide case management and advocacy for child sex trafficking survivors.
“儿童性贩运幸存者经常参与多个系统，包括CPS附属团体或寄养家庭和庇护所，以及少年司法。通常，这些孩子觉得自己没有真正的选择来接受有意义的治疗方法。他们只是试图生存，恢复似乎完全遥不可及。“我们可以满足他们最急需的需求，更好地解决该孩子的最佳下一步，并有了连续的可用，可以提供恒定和安全的来源，因为他们追求从创伤中完全康复。”
贝勒医学院儿科学系青少年医学研究部研究主任康妮·维曼（Connie Wbeplay苹果手机能用吗iemann）博士也为该项目做出了贡献。
Mostajabian是德克萨斯儿科学会基金会赠款的首席研究员，该基金会帮助这项研究提供了资金。她目前是奥斯汀一家非营利青少年健康诊所的青少年医学医生。
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